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Marriage & Relationship Recognition Laws

Positive Laws Negative Laws
United States Map United States Map
Marriage equality for same-sex couples (12 states + D.C.)
Comprehensive civil union or domestic partnership law (7 states)
Limited relationship recognition law (1 state)
No legal recognition for same-sex couples (30 states)
NOTE: For additional information, contact Freedom to Marry, Human Rights Campaign, National Gay & Lesbian Task Force, Lambda Legal, Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders, Marriage Equality USA or ACLU LGBT Rights Project. Laws allowing same-sex couples to marry can also benefit bisexual and transgender people in same-sex relationships. The District of Columbia also has comprehensive domestic partnerships. Out-of-state marriages are likely valid in New Mexico given a 2011 attorney general opinion letter, but the letter is not legally binding and actual recognition of out-of-state marriages in New Mexico remains uncertain.
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Constitutional amendment bans marriage and other forms of relationship recognition similar to marriage for same-sex couples (20 states)
Constitutional amendment bans marriage for same-sex couples (10 states)
Statute bans marriage and other forms of relationship recognition similar to marriage for same-sex couples (7 states)
Statute bans marriage for same-sex couples (27 states)
No legal ban on marriage or relationship recognition (14 states + D.C.)
NOTE: States are shaded to reflect the law that most limits the ability of couples to be legally recognized. See the table below to see which states have multiple laws. For additional information, contact Freedom to Marry, Human Rights Campaign, National Gay & Lesbian Task Force, Lambda Legal, Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders, Marriage Equality USA or ACLU LGBT Rights Project. Laws prohibiting recognition of same-sex couples' relationship can also harm bisexual and transgender people in same-sex relationships.
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Percent of LGBT Population Covered by Laws

26% of LGBT population live in states with marriage equality for same-sex couples 22% of LGBT population live in states with comprehensive civil union or domestic partnership laws 1% of LGBT population live in states with limited relationship recognition 54% of LGBT population live in states with no legal recognition for same-sex couples

Percent of LGBT Population Covered by Laws

41% of LGBT population live in states with constitutional amendments banning marriage and any form of relationship recognition 15% of LGBT population live in states with constitutional amendments banning marriage 21% of LGBT population live in states with statutes banning marriage and any form of relationship recognition 45% of LGBT population live in states with statutes banning marriage 29% of LGBT population live in states with no legal ban on marriage or relationship recognition

Marriage & Relationship Recognition Laws by State

Positive Laws Negative Laws
Indicates a positive law for same-sex couples
State Marriage Comprehensive civil union or domestic partnership law Limited relationship recognition law Year Passed
Total 12 states + D.C. 7 states 1 state
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California 2005
Colorado 2013
Connecticut 2008
Delaware 2013
District of Columbia 2010 (marriage)
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii 2012
Idaho
Illinois 2011
Indiana
Iowa 2009
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine 2012
Maryland 2012
Massachusetts 2004
Michigan
Minnesota 2013
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada 2009
New Hampshire 2010
New Jersey 2007
New Mexico
New York 2011
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon 2008
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island 2013
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont 2009
Virginia
Washington 2012
West Virginia
Wisconsin 2009
Wyoming
Indicates a negative law for same-sex couples
State Constitutional amendment bans marriage and relationship recognition for same-sex couples Constitutional amendment bans marriage for same-sex couples Statute bans marriage and relationship recognition for same-sex couples Statute bans marriage for same-sex couples Year Passed
Total 20 states 10 states 7 states 27 states
Alabama 1998 (Statute); 2006 (Amendment)
Alaska 1997 (Statute); 1998 (Amendment)
Arizona 1996 (Statute); 2008 (Amendment)
Arkansas 1997 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
California 2008
Colorado 2000 (Statute); 2006 (Amendment)
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida 1997 (Statute); 2008 (Amendment)
Georgia 1996 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Hawaii 1998
Idaho 1996 (Statute); 2006 (Amendment)
Illinois 1996
Indiana 1997
Iowa
Kansas 1996 (Statute); 2005 (Amendment)
Kentucky 1998 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Louisiana 1999 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan 1996 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Minnesota
Mississippi 1997 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Missouri 2001 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Montana 1997 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Nebraska 2000
Nevada 2002
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina 1996 (Statute); 2012 (Amendment)
North Dakota 1997 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Ohio 2004 (Statute & Amendment)
Oklahoma 1996 (Statute); 2004 (Amendment)
Oregon 2004
Pennsylvania 1996
Rhode Island
South Carolina 1996 (Statute); 2006 (Amendment)
South Dakota 1996 (Statute); 2006 (Amendment)
Tennessee 1996 (Statute); 2006 (Amendment)
Texas 1997 (Statute); 2003 (Statute); 2005 (Amendment)
Utah 1995 (Statute); 2004 (Statute & Amendment)
Vermont
Virginia 1997 (Statute); 2004 (Statute); 2006 (Amendment)
Washington
West Virginia 2000
Wisconsin 2006
Wyoming 1977


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Data current as of 05/17/2013