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Bans on Transgender People Using Bathrooms and Facilities According to their Gender Identity

These laws prohibit transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities—such as locker rooms, shower rooms, changing rooms, and other sex-segregated spaces—according to their gender identity. Some of these policies apply to K-12 school settings, while others apply more broadly to government-owned buildings and spaces. This can include bathrooms and facilities in government buildings (e.g., city hall, courthouses, state legislative buildings, and more), colleges or universities, jails or prisons, and even in some cases airports, public parks, and much more.
United States Map
Washington New York U.S. Virgin Islands Puerto Rico Guam Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands American Samoa New Hampshire Vermont Virginia Pennsylvania New York Maine West Virginia Ohio Kentucky Indiana Michigan Illinois Wisconsin North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Georgia Florida Mississippi Missouri Arkansas Louisiana Iowa Minnesota Oklahoma Kansas Nebraska South Dakota North Dakota Texas 33 Colorado Wyoming Montana Idaho Arizona Utah Nevada Oregon California Hawaii Alaska Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Jersey Delaware Maryland Washington D.C. New Hampshire Vermont
  • State bans transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in all schools, colleges, and government-owned buildings and spaces (1 state)
  • State bans transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in K-12 schools and at least some government-owned buildings (1 state)
  • State bans transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in K-12 schools (7 states)
  • No state ban on transgender people’s use of bathrooms or facilities (41 states , 5 territories + D.C.)
  • State law makes it a criminal offense for transgender people to use bathrooms or facilities consistent with their gender identity (1 state)
  • State has law or policy defining “sex” in ways that may impact transgender people’s access to bathrooms or facilities according to their gender identity (6 states)

Citations & More Information
*Notes:
--Click "Citations" to find more information about each state's ban, the places or spaces it covers, and more information.
--In August 2023, a federal judge temporarily blocked Idaho's ban from being enforced. The lawsuit against the ban is ongoing. 

Recommended citation:
Movement Advancement Project. "Equality Maps: Bans on Transgender People's Use of Bathrooms & Facilities According to Their Gender Identity." https://www.mapresearch.org/equality-maps/nondiscrimination/bathroom_bans. Accessed 09/25/2023.

Percent of Transgender Population Covered by Laws

*Note: These percentages reflect estimates of the transgender population (ages 13+) living in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Estimates of transgender people in the U.S. territories or under age 13 are not available, and so cannot be reflected here. Population estimates are from The Williams Institute.

7%

7 % of the transgender population (ages 13+) lives in states that ban transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in all schools, colleges, and government-owned buildings and spaces

1%

1 % of the transgender population (ages 13+) lives in states that ban transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in K-12 schools and at least some government-owned buildings

8%

8 % of the transgender population (ages 13+) lives in states that ban transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in K-12 schools only

85%

85 % of the transgender population (ages 13+) lives in states with no ban on transgender people’s use of bathrooms or facilities

Key
  • State does not have this lawIndicates an anti-LGBTQ Law
    • ,
  • State does not have this lawIndicates an anti-LGBTQ Law
State K-12 Some But Not All Government-Owned Buildings/Places All Schools, Colleges, & Government-Owned Buildings Year passed
Alabama State does not have this law 2022
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas State does not have this law 2023
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida State does not have this law State does not have this law 2023
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho State does not have this law 2023
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa State does not have this law 2023
Kansas
Kentucky State does not have this law 2023
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota State does not have this law State does not have this law 2023
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma State does not have this law 2022
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee State does not have this law 2021
Texas
U.S. Virgin Islands
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming


Data current as of 09/18/2023
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Sexual Orientation Policy Tally

The term “sexual orientation” is loosely defined as a person’s pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or more than one sex or gender. Laws that explicitly mention sexual orientation primarily protect or harm lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. That said, transgender people who are lesbian, gay or bisexual can be affected by laws that explicitly mention sexual orientation.

Gender Identity Policy Tally

“Gender identity” is a person’s deeply-felt inner sense of being male, female, or something else or in-between. “Gender expression” refers to a person’s characteristics and behaviors such as appearance, dress, mannerisms and speech patterns that can be described as masculine, feminine, or something else. Gender identity and expression are independent of sexual orientation, and transgender people may identify as heterosexual, lesbian, gay or bisexual. Laws that explicitly mention “gender identity” or “gender identity and expression” primarily protect or harm transgender people. These laws also can apply to people who are not transgender, but whose sense of gender or manner of dress does not adhere to gender stereotypes.

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